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Throughout Muhammad's peace be upon him era the Muslims wanted to establish the right to perform Umrah and Hajj. all through that time Mecca was occupied by Arab Pagans who used to worship idols inside Mecca The first military campaign related toward the Umrah was the Nakhla Raid prepared by Muhammad, Abdullah ibn Jahsh’s was the leader of this mission. During this attack one of Abdullah ibn Jahsh’s men , Ukkash ibn Mihsan, was shaven in head to hide the real purpose of their passage and to give the Quraysh the intuition of lesser Hajj (Umra); for it was the month (Rajab) when aggression were prohibited. When the Quraysh saw the shaven head of Ukkash, they contemplation that the group was on its way for pilgrimage and they felt relieved and began to set up camp. They said, "These people seek out the `Umrah, so there is no need to terror them. The sacred months of the Arab Pagans were the 1st, 7th, 11th and 12th months of the Islamic calendar according to the Muslim scholar Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri.
Muhammad signed the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which took place in March 628 During this event Muslims March to Mecca to perform the lesser pilgrimage (Umrah)
Muhammad also prepared the Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam) in December 629 to turn away the concentration from his objective of aggressive Mecca. He dispatched 8 men to attack a procession passing during Edam. During this expedition 1 Muslim was killed by another Muslim It was then revealed the verse 4:94 Ibn Kathir interprets this as, God asking Muslims to be more careful when fighting "in the way of Allah", as to reduce the chance of killing Muslims accidentally, as happened in this incident.
to end with Muhammad peace be upon him ordered and took part in the almost entirely nonviolent Conquest of Mecca in December 629. After the conquest the people of Makkah who had persecuted and driven away the early Muslims, and had fought against the Muslims due to their thinking were afraid of retribution. However, Muhammad forgave even the most ardent of enemies of Islam to establish safe sanctuary in their homes. This was a significant moment where Muhammad showed mercy as disparate to vengeance to the people of Makkah. Thus, the right to perform Umrah and Hajj were certain.
There are two types of Umrah, depending on whether one requirements to mingle the Umrah with Hajj: al-Umrat al-mufradah al-mustaqillah 'an al-Hajj (al-Umrat al mufradah) and al-Umrat al-mundammah ila al-Hajj (Umrat al-tammatu).
al-Umrat al mufradah refers to Umrah that is performed separately of Hajj.
Umrat al-tammatu refers to Umrah that is performed in concurrence with Hajj. More in particular, the rituals of the Umrah are performed first and then the Hajj rituals are performed.
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