Parkinson’s Disease:

A chronic progressive neurological disease chiefly of later life that is linked to decreased dopamine production in the substantia nigra. There are many symptoms which affect the patient very seriously and creates much problem in daily life.

Genetics:

Genetics is a study of heredity, or how the characteristics of genetics are transmitted from one generation to the next. All living things contain genetic material that makes up DNA molecule.

Contribution of genetics in Parkinson’s disease:

Approximately 15% of people with Parkinson’s disease have a family history of this disorder. Families cases of Parkinson’s disease can be caused by mutations in the LRRK2, PARK2, PINK1 or gene, or by alterations in genes that have not been identified.

Genetics In Parkinson’s Disease:

15% of Parkinson’s cases have been linked to a genetic cause. Most cases of Parkinson’s are called idiopathic or sporadic, meaning the case is known and researchers believe onset is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is not fully understood how genetic changes cause Parkinson disease or influence the risk of developing the disorder. Many Parkinson disease symptoms occur when nerve cells (neurons) in the substantia nigra die or become impaired. Normally, these cells produce a chemical messenger called dopamine, which transmits signals within the brain to produce smooth physical movements. When these dopamine-producing neurons are damaged or die, communication between the brain and muscles weakens. Eventually, the brain becomes unable to control muscle movement. In most cases of Parkinson disease, protein deposits called Lewy bodies appear in dead or dying dopamine-producing neurons. (When Lewy bodies are not present, the condition is sometimes referred to as parkinsonism.) It is unclear whether Lewy bodies play a role in killing nerve cells or if they are part of the cells' response to the disease.

How Do People Inherit Parkinson’s Disease:

Most cases of Parkinson’s occur with no apparent family history of the disorder. Among familial cases of Parkinson disease, the inheritance pattern differs depending on the gene that is altered. If the LLK2 or SNCA gene is involved, the disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. When genetic alterations modify the risk of developing Parkinson disease, the inheritance pattern is usually unknown.

Using Genetics Diagnose And How To Treat Parkinson’s Disease:

By discovering genes linked to Parkinson’s, scientists can develop tests to find out who is at risk of developing Parkinson’s and can begin to diagnose it early, even before symptoms are obvious. Leading to strategies which may lessen the amount of synuclein in the cells of people with Parkinson’s. It is hoped that someday in the future, this method may help lessen, or hopefully even reverse Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s does not have complete cure, but different medications, therapies and strategies could help in reducing the symptoms. This insight into the basic biological cause of Parkinson’s disease has led to ideas for treatments.

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